Skip to Content

What is Asperger's Syndrome? Characteristics, Symptoms, Causes of the Disorder, and Comparison with Autism

Asperger's Syndrome is a type of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), characterized by difficulties in social interaction and restricted interests or repetitive behaviors, but relatively normal language development and intellectual ability. This disorder was first described by Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger in 1944.

Main Characteristics of Asperger's Syndrome​

1. Difficulties in Social Interaction​

People with Asperger's Syndrome have difficulty understanding social cues. They may not make appropriate eye contact, have trouble reading others' emotions or intentions, or struggle to form friendships.

2. Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors​

They often have very strong interests in specific topics and may repeatedly engage in the same behaviors or routines. For example, they might be obsessed with specific topics like trains or dinosaurs and talk about them continuously.

3. Language Development and Intellectual Ability​

Unlike classic autism, people with Asperger's Syndrome usually have normal language development. Intelligence is also typically normal or above average. However, they may use language awkwardly in social situations or have difficulty understanding abstract concepts.

4. Sensory Sensitivity​

They may be hypersensitive or hyposensitive to specific sounds, lights, textures, etc. For example, they might be extremely sensitive to loud noises or dislike certain textures.

Causes of Asperger's Syndrome​

The exact cause of Asperger's Syndrome is not yet clearly known. However, it's believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Brain structural or functional differences may also contribute.

Diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome​

Diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome is made through interviews with experts and observation of behavior. Since the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) was revised in 2013, Asperger's Syndrome is now classified as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) rather than as a separate diagnosis.

Difference Between Asperger's Syndrome and Autism​

The biggest difference between Asperger's Syndrome and classic autism is language development and intellectual ability. While people with classic autism often experience delayed language development and intellectual disabilities, people with Asperger's Syndrome typically have normal language development and intelligence. However, both involve difficulties in social interaction and restricted interests.

Treatment and Support for Asperger's Syndrome​

There is no cure for Asperger's Syndrome, but symptoms can be alleviated and quality of life improved through various therapies and support.

  • Social Skills Training: Learning social interaction methods
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Managing anxiety and stress
  • Occupational Therapy: Reducing sensory sensitivity
  • Family Support: Support and understanding from family are important

Living with Asperger's Syndrome​

People with Asperger's Syndrome may face difficulties in social situations, but with appropriate support and understanding, they can lead successful lives. They can excel in specific fields and achieve great results when they focus on their interests.

Conclusion​

Asperger's Syndrome is a type of Autism Spectrum Disorder, characterized by difficulties in social interaction and restricted interests. However, with normal language development and intellectual ability, appropriate support allows them to lead successful lives. Understanding and acceptance from society are important, and continuous interest and support for people with Asperger's Syndrome are needed.